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European anti-Semitism in the 13th century

Treacherous sands and a tidal bore / en-wikipedia.org

Treacherous sands and a tidal bore / en-wikipedia.org

European Anti-Semitism in the 13th century. There can be no doubt that the thirteenth century was the most violently anti-Semitic in all the Middle Ages. Kings in Europe made similar repressive measures against their own kingdom’s Jewish communities. Frederick II made Sicilian Jews wear a blue T-shaped badge, and the men must keep their beards long; French Jews under Philip Augustus had to wear a wheel-shaped badge. English Jews wore a book-shaped yellow badge ordered by law under Edward I. Massacres, pogroms, locking into ghettoes, discriminatory laws, abuse and general persecution were rife. Yet despite this the Jews remained Europe’s accepted financial sector. This is not to say that several kings did not cast a speculative eye on Jewish wealth. (more…)

By | 2014-04-24T17:46:23+00:00 April 24th, 2014|English History, World History|0 Comments

The Zimmerman Telegram

The Telegram published in  the Washington Post March 1, 1917 / spotlights.fold3,com

The Telegram published in the Washington Post March 1, 1917 / spotlights.fold3,com

The Zimmerman Telegram.  On 19 January, 1917, twenty-two months before the end of the Great War (1914 – 18), the United States had still not joined with The British Commonwealth and France in the munumental struggle against Germany and her allies. On that day the German Foreign Secretary, Artur Zimmerman, sent a telegram in code to the German ambassador in Mexico. The message said that should war be declared between Germany and the United States, an alliance must be made between Germany and Mexico: this would indicate the need for Mexico to go to war with the US, in order to recover what the message called ‘lost territories’; these were Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. At the same time Mexico  would have to persuade Japan to join Germany’s alliance, making war in the Pacific against American interests. (more…)

By | 2014-04-22T09:28:01+00:00 April 22nd, 2014|World History|0 Comments

Who Said It? Edition No. 3

Dozens of webbers gave an answer to our last Who Said It quiz, but few got it right. The answer is Samuel Goldfish, better known as Samuel Goldwyn, the American independent film producer. Important clues were there in his sayings. ‘Who Said It’ number 3 starts here: please send your solution in the form of a Comment. Thanks from Dean.

“Protection is not a principle, but an expedient.”

“He traces the steam engine always back to the tea-kettle.” (of Sir Robert Peel)

“He has to learn that petulance is not sarcasm, and that insolence is not invective.”

“Colonies do not cease to be colonies because they are independent.”

“Change is inevitable in a progressive country. Change is constant.”

“Increased means and increased leisure are the two civilisers of man.”

“An author who speaks about his own books is like a mother talking of her children.”

“He is a great master of gibes, and flouts and jeers.” (of the Marquis of Salisbury)

“A sophistical (sic) rhetorician, inebriated with the exuberance of his own verbosity.” (of W.E. Gladstone)

“The practice of politics in the Far East may be defined by one word, dissimulation.”

“I believe they went out, like all good things, with the Stuarts.”

“Critics are those who have failed in literature and art.”

By | 2014-04-08T10:10:25+00:00 April 8th, 2014|English Language, World History|0 Comments

Ireland’s neutrality during World War II

Eamon de Valera / es.wikipedia.org

Eamon de Valera / es.wikipedia.org

Ireland’s neutrality in World War II

As the clouds of war deepened over Europe in 1939, certain countries declared their neutrality in the hope that they would not become involved in what promised to be a world conflict. Turkey (both the Axis powers and the 1939 allies tried to lure her into the net), Switzerland (right in the middle of what might be a European killing ground, with her own big citizen army and easily defended terrain), Portugal, teetering towards Fascist Germany but which seemed, at the time to be pro-Allies), the Vatican, inscrutable, but probably anti-Nazi, Sweden which pronounced her neutrality while permitting sales of her iron ore deposits to Germany and allowed Germany the right to move troops over her borders: Spain, whose Caudillo was in debt to Hitler recently given in the Spanish Civil War. There was not much love lost between Hitler and Franco however; they were to meet at Hendaye for a nine-hour conference in October 1940: later Hitler said that he would prefer a long visit to the dentist than another meeting with the Generalissimo. (more…)

By | 2014-04-02T08:39:18+00:00 April 2nd, 2014|World History|0 Comments

Who said it . . .?

This is another of those brief quizzes designed to keep your mind active. Please tell me who said these things in the form of a Comment. The last ‘Who said it?’ was masterfully won by David Williams on 7th March, 2014. The answer is W.C. Fields. Now think about these:

 “Why should people go out and pay to see bad movies when they can stay at home and see bad television for nothing?”

“Any man who goes to see a psychiatrist should have his head examined.”

“Pictures are for entertainment; messages should be delivered by Western Union.”

“That’s the way with these directors, they’re always biting the hand that lays the golden egg.’

“A verbal contract isn’t worth the paper it is written on.”

“Gentlemen, include me out!” (while resigning from something).

“I’ll tell you in two words – im possible.”

“We can always get more Indians off the reservoir.”

“We’ve all passed a lot of water since those days.”

“Elevate those guns a little lower!”

Field Marshal Montgomery visited America and our subject entertained him at an exclusive dinner party. When everyone was seated our subject beat time against a glass and announced,“Ladies and gentlemen, I propose a toast to Marshall Field Montgomery . . .”Another personality, seated nearby, cracked “Montgomery Ward, you mean . . .”

When one of his studio (CLUE) employees told our subject he was off to the Second World War as a volunteer, he said, “I’ll cable Hitler and tell him to shoot around you.”

 

By | 2014-03-19T09:11:28+00:00 March 19th, 2014|World History|1 Comment

The Great Depression

This ten-year horror followed the Wall Street Crash (q.v. 2 days ago), lasting from 1929 to 1939, and might have been longer had not World War 2 interrupted the economic wizards who created it. Since their dramatic and tardy entrance in the last year of the Great War, the United States of America had become the dominant nation on this planet, especially in the world economy. No-one is quite sure whether successive US presidents wanted, like Britain, a huge empire and very little money, or a huge amount of money and no empire. Whatever, the collapse of share prices indicated a rapid withdrawal of loans to other countries, tariffs were raised so that imports declined, and agricultural prices sank.

Most rural districts could not possibly buy industrial goods, which meant the closure of factories and shops going bankrupt. Unemployment shot up, and mean streets were littered with bums who might weeks before have been brokers. From 1929 to 1932 unemployment in Britain and Belgium rose to 33%, in Germany 44% and the US 27%; popular hoodlums like Bonnie and Clyde grew rich dangerously. (more…)

By | 2014-04-01T15:10:52+00:00 March 13th, 2014|US History, World History|0 Comments

The Wall Street Crash

Since the end of the immediate post-War depression in US financial markets, occurring in 1922, share prices rose dramatically. Naturally this encouraged a speculative boom and by 1929 the financial history of the US had never been more hay-wire. Nearly ten million investors, many  hardly knowing where Wall Street was, bought shares not for income but to sell for a quick profit. Not only that, but they bought without paying cash, using ‘credit’ or ‘on margin’. It was bound to head for disaster. (more…)

By | 2014-04-01T15:11:38+00:00 March 12th, 2014|US History, World History|0 Comments

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight D. Eisenhower was born in 1890, of Dutch-American stock. He became a general and the 34th President of the United States. He saw war in a quite different way than another American officer, George Patton (q.v.): ‘I hate war,’ he often said, ‘as only a soldier who has lived it can, only as one who has seen its brutality, its futility, its stupidity.’ (more…)

The battle of Jutland (Norway)

Artist's impression of the battle / pubpages.unh.edu

Artist’s impression of the battle / pubpages.unh.edu

This sea battle of the Great War is interesting for two reasons: the first is that Jutland was the first challenge to British naval superiority since Trafalgar in 1805; the second is that both Britain and Germany claimed they won it. There was no outstanding victory as such, nor was there a resounding defeat.

Admiral Jellicoe led the British Grand Fleet from their safe home at Scapa Flow to intercept the German High Seas Fleet off the coast of Jutland in Denmark. Prior to this Admiral Beatty in command of six battle cruisers had been searching the North Sea for a sign of Admiral Hipper’s force of five battle cruisers. The latter had ‘dared’ to leave port in the teeth of the nation that allegedly controlled the oceans. Then Beatty found the German ships and engaged them, but their superior gunnery promptly blew up two of Beatty’s warships – not a good start. Beatty learned that his cruisers had inadequate armour and easily-hit magazines. (more…)

The battle of the Marne (September 1914)

The river Marne is a tributary of the Seine, leaving it at a point east of Paris. It was also famed for being the site of the furthest advance of the imperial German army into France during the Great War. Readers will remember that the Schlieffen Plan (q.v.) was designed to knock France out of the game in six weeks, before the mobilization of the enormous Russian army. Germany would advance in strength through Belgium, bypassing French defences along the German border, and then sweep down to surround Paris before attacking French forces in the rear.

The Schlieffen Plan might have worked had von Moltke (chief of staff) not enfeebled it by transferring forces from the German right-wing to East Prussia, which the Russians had already invaded. Still the Germans made swift progress through Belgium and northern France, leaving the French to make useless and expensive attacks on German forces in Lorraine and the Ardennes. (more…)

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